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Oregon Crane Operator Training Requirements

OAR 437-003-0081

(1) The employer shall establish written procedures for the safe operation of all cranes used in construction.

(2) The employer shall see that employees who operate cranes are properly trained, have sufficient practical experience, and follow operating procedures for the safe operation of the crane.

(3) The level of training and experience received by the employee as meeting OAR 437-003-0081(2) shall be recorded in writing.

(4) The employer shall maintain all written records of the crane operator's safety training and experience as set forth in OAR 437-003-0081, and shall make such records available for review by the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA) upon request.

(5) In addition to the basic training and experience required by OAR 437-003-0081(2), all employees engaged in construction work who operate cranes of 5 ton capacity or greater shall have additional training and experience as set forth in Appendices OR-A through OR-E of this Subdivision, and shall possess a valid crane operator's safety training card issued by a training provider or employer.

(a) OAR 437-003-0081(5) does not apply to hoists, wreckers, line trucks, cranes used by railroads on railroad right-of-ways, or to cranes while used for handling logs.

NOTE:The term "line truck" means a truck used to transport workers, tools, and material, and is sometimes equipped with a boom and auxiliary equipment for setting poles, digging holes, and elevating material or personnel.

(b) An employee with prior training and experience having a minimum of 1500 hours of prior crane experience on a specific type or type(s) of crane shall be deemed to have met the requirements of OAR 437-003-0081(5) if that person has written records of such training and experience.

(c) Upon receipt and verification of such written records of experience, the employer may issue a crane operator's card to the employee.

(d) After January 1, 1992, all operators of cranes of 5 ton or greater capacity that are used in construction shall comply with OAR 437-003-0081(5) by successfully completing a training course which meets the provisions of OAR 437-003-0081(2) and Appendices OR-A through OR-E of this Subdivision.

(e) A crane operator's safety training card, as required by OAR 437-003-0081(5), need not be in any particular form, but at a minimum shall specify the type or types and size of cranes the operator is trained to operate, a picture of the operator, the original issue date, expiration date, name, signature of the operator, and the name and signature of the training provider or employer.

(f) All cards issued after January 1, 1992, shall be laminated in clear plastic to prevent tampering. All cards issued prior to January 1, 1992, shall be laminated in plastic and shall have the operator's picture on the card by April 1, 1992.

(g) The crane operator's safety training card required by OAR 437-003-0081(5) shall be renewed and signed every three years by a training institution or employer upon:

(A) Verification that the employee has read the current OR-OSHA rules on cranes contained in Division 3, Construction, Subdivision N, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators and Conveyors; and

(B) Completion of crane operator safety training refresher training consisting of 4 hours at a minimum.

(6) Persons who are in training either through a recognized apprenticeship program, or any other properly supervised program may operate a crane under visual supervision of a crane operator who possesses a current operator's safety training card for that type of crane.

(7) Any person from another state wishing to operate a crane of 5 ton capacity or greater for the purpose of construction work may be issued an operator's safety training card by the employer or training provider upon:

(a) Verification of a minimum of 1500 hours experience on a specific type or types of cranes being operated and is being trained in Oregon for the purpose of operating this type of crane. This temporary operator's safety training card shall be valid for 30 days from the date of issue; or

(b) Presenting a valid crane operator's safety training card issued in a state which has crane operator's safety training standards equal to or greater than those listed in Appendices OR-A through OR-E of this Subdivision.

Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 & #150; ORS 654.295
Hist.: OSHA 16-1991, f. 12-16-91, cert. ef. 1-1-92; OSHA 6-1994, f. & cert. ef. 9-30-94; OSHA 3-2002, f. 4-15-02, cert. ef. 4-18-02

APPENDIX OR-A

Classroom Training: Minimum Training Required for Operating Cranes of 5 Ton Capacity or Greater, Basic and Specialty Basic Core Training Curriculum

Unit of Study Instruction

SAFETY -- Overview of causes of crane accidents and training in managing the work environment safely.

OR-OSHA CRANE RULES -- Familiarity with OR-OSHA'S Division 3, Construction, Subdivision N, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Elevators, and Conveyors.

CRANES AND COMPONENTS -- Types of cranes, names of crane components, selection of cranes for job.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS -- Center of gravity, radius, gross and net load, static load and dynamic load(s), effective weights, ultimate strength and rated strength, safety factors, stowed and stored, tipping axis, jib angle to ground.

TECHNICAL DATA -- Leverage: when using the crane in general, the hook, block and the boom hoist. Changes in leverage, rate of tipping, forward stability, backward stability, crane failures, gantries, live and high masts, counterweights, effect of boom angle, effects of jib angle, jib as a boom extension, effect of load on booms, production lifts, rope safety factors.

QUADRANTS OF OPERATION DEFINITIONS -- Over the rear, over the side, 360 degree rotation.

WEIGHT OF THE LIFT -- Sources of weight data, calculating weights, principles examples, lifting in water, tests lifts, check lifts.

CONDITIONS & CAPACITIES -- Summary of conditions affecting crane capacities: off-level, wind, eccentric reeving, swingout, sideloading, impact loading, outrigger position, ground conditions, counterweights, gantries and high masts, equipment condition, swing bearing wear, tire condition and inflation, boom pad wear, outrigger and pad condition, bent chords and lacings.

MULTIPLE CRANE LIFTS -- Types of equalizer beams, pivot points in lines, pivot points not in-line, load as an equalizer beam, necessary calculations.

CALCULATIONS -- Crane capacities: results of over loading, division of load charts, gross and net capacity, gross and net load, radius between values, boom length between values, boom angle between values, parts of line; calculating capacities: on the boom, on the pinned section, on the extension, on the jib.

PREPARING FOR A LIFT -- Boom assembly and disassembly, reasons to repair/scrap boom sections, Wire rope installation, reeving, wedge sockets, telescoping booms, setting-up, measuring radius, radius over boom angle, outrigger set-up, block outriggers, leveling methods.

CONDITIONS DURING LIFTS -- Swingout, slack rope on drums, pick and carry, lifting on tires, protection of personnel around high voltage and results of making contact, working in the vicinity, effects of electrical current, hitting booms, boom over back, causes of two-blocking, shift of center of gravity, cold weather operation, tipping over backwards.

LEAVING CRANES UNATTENDED -- Short periods, extended periods.

RESPONSIBILITIES -- Management and operator responsibilities.

MISCELLANEOUS -- Signals, composition of wire rope, rope strengths, tables of rates and capacities, determine sling loadings, using blocks and tackle.

CRANE CHECKLIST -- Operator's daily checklist.

ERECTION, DISMANTLING, TRANSPORT -- Erection checklist, bolting procedures, bolting.

INSPECTION & TESTING -- Frequency of inspections, testing maintenance, and storage of crane components.

NOTE: Complete program includes at least one crane specific class in addition to basic core.

APPENDIX OR-B
Training (Crane Specific): Minimum Training Required for Operating Cranes
of 5 Ton Capacity or Greater, Hydraulic Cranes

Unit of Study Instruction

INTRODUCTION -- Hydraulic cranes: 5 ton to 50 ton.

ACCIDENTS/SAFETY -- Overview of crane accidents and safety awareness.

CRANE NOMENCLATURE -- Type of cranes, industrial hydraulic crane (carry deck), commercial mounted boom truck, hydraulic rough terrain crane (exploded view), characteristics, name of components, transporting, erecting & dismantling, hydraulic crane operator checklist (daily inspection).

MACHINE CONDITION -- Configuration, repairs/modifications, swing assembly, cab/controls, fluid levels, boom/load hoist, boom/jib extensions, wire rope/load blocks, safety devices, annual inspection.

SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES -- Quadrants of operation: over the front, over the rear, over the side, over the outriggers; mobile and rubber-tired cranes; weight of the lift; load charts; calculating capacities.

CONDITIONS & CAPACITIES -- Land based, barge mounted.

APPENDIX OR-C

Training : Minimum Training Required for Operating Cranes of 5 Ton Capacity or Greater,
Tower and Whirley Cranes

Unit of Study Instruction

ACCIDENTS/SAFETY -- Overview of crane accidents and safety awareness.

CRANE NOMENCLATURE -- Type of cranes, characteristics, name of components.

Tower & Whirley Operator Checklist

MACHINE CONDITION -- Configuration, repairs/modifications, swing assembly, cab/controls, fluid levels, boom/load hoist, boom/jib extensions, wire rope/load blocks, safety devices.

Tower Crane Climbing

SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES -- Quadrants of operation, weight of the lift, load charts, calculating capacities.

APPENDIX OR-D
Training : Minimum Training Required for Operating Cranes of 5 Ton Capacity or Greater, Conventional Cranes

Unit of Study Instruction

ACCIDENTS/SAFETY -- Overview of crane accidents and safety awareness.

CRANE NOMENCLATURE -- Type of cranes, truck cranes, crawler, characteristics, name of components, transporting, erecting and dismantling, conventional crane operator checklist (daily inspection).

MACHINE CONDITION -- Configuration, repairs/modifications, swing assembly, cab/controls, fluid levels, boom/load hoist, boom/jib extensions, wire rope/load blocks, safety devices, annual inspection.

SAFE OPERATING PRACTICES -- Quadrants of operation for mobile and rubber-tired cranes: over the rear, over the side, over the outriggers, over the front. Quadrants of operation for crawler cranes: over the side, ends, 360 degree rotation; weight of the lift; load charts; calculating capacities.

CONDITIONS & CAPACITIES -- Land base, barge mounted.

APPENDIX OR-E
Practical Experience: Minimum Training Required for Operating
Cranes of 5 Ton Capacity or Greater

This Area is Meant to Have an Operator Demonstrate a Minimum Acceptable Levelof Competency in the Listed Areas as Appropriate to the Specific Type of Crane Being Operated.

1. Method and sequence of checks to be conducted on cranes prior to operation.

2. Procedures for assembling and dismantling cranes and their transportation.

3. Crane Set-Up

(a) Site preparation

(b) Counterweights

(d) Rigging methods and materials

4. Crane Operation

(a) Safe operating procedures

(b) Principles of leverage and power transmission

(d) Picking loads

(e) Adjacent hazards

5. Frequency, sequence and methods of inspections.

6. Maintenance.

7. Effect of overloading, instability, and structural or functional failure.

8. Procedures for Tower Crane climbing (as applicable).

9. Familiarity with OR-OSHA Crane rules and Manufacturer's Operating Manuals.

APPENDIX OR-F

Curriculum for Crane Safety Refresher Training

Unit of Study Instruction

OR-OSHA REQUIREMENTS -- Division 3, Subdivision N.

RESPONSIBILITIES -- Site supervisor's responsibilities. Crane owner's responsibilities. Operator's responsibilities.

CENTER OF GRAVITY -- Crane center of gravity. Load center of gravity. Combined center of gravity. Effect of boom position on combined center of gravity.

RADIUS -- Changes in load, boom angle and rotation point.

LOAD -- Load on lattice boom cranes. Load on hydraulic cranes. Load on hydraulic crane boom extensions. Load on the jib of lattice and hydraulic boom cranes. Gross capacity vs. net capacity. Static and dynamic loads.

TIPPING AXIS -- Rough terrain cranes: Tipping axis. Crawler mounted cranes: Tipping axis.

CALCULATIONS -- Overloads and tipping. Division of load charts. Main boom capacity -- lattice booms. Values of boom angle, boom length and load radius between chart listings. Parts of line. Crane capacities. Range diagrams.

ACCIDENT PREVENTION -- Common causes of tower whirley accidents. Rigging the load. Handling the load. Electrical hazards. Review/analysis of known incidents/accidents.

END

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